Mediated Gene Regulation For Cancer Therapy Essay

MicroRNA-mediated Gene Regulation Alex Almazan Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences Department, Texas AM University Kingsville December 5, 2016 MicroRNA-mediated Gene Regulation Introduction MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that modulate gene expression and are expressed in many diseases, including cancer. Studies have shown that microRNAs inhibit the translation and facilitate degradation of their targeted messenger RNAs which makes them a great candidate for the use in cancer therapy (Shahab, 2011, p. 1). Many researchers and scientists are especially finding ways microRNAs can help with epithelial ovarian cancer in means by examining their expression pattern and mechanistic implications of microRNA-383 in which these captivating particles can modify the appearance of almost 30% of the Performing at the post-transcriptional mammalian protein-encoding genes. In this unique process, cells can be known to be complex because of the different functions that are taken upon. Due to the fact that cells have specific functions, in order for it to have the proper genes expressed, gene regulation is enforced throughout the early stages of development in a cell; this enforcemen t signals that each gene be expressed properly and at the proper time. Because of this process, living organisms are able to respond to each individual environment. The deadliest form of cancer among female patients in the world is epithelial ovarian cancer. The latest study conducted in theShow MoreRelatedCOX-2 And Sp4 Case Study1547 Words   |  7 Pagesroles of COX-2 and EP4 in human breast cancer progression and SLC induction via PI3K/AKT/NOTCH and WNT pathways, combining in vitro, in vivo, and in situ approaches. This work supports our previous studies, wherein we showed SLC stimulatory roles of COX-2 and EP4 in a murine breast cancer model [5]. The role of COX-2 in SLC induction has been hypothesized [42] and the roles of EP4 documented in human breast cancer cells [43]. We reported that COX-2/EP4 mediated induction of an oncogenic microRNA-526bRead MoreCauses Of Cancer Research And Genetic Development Of Ceervical Cancer1180 Words   |  5 PagesSIGNIFICANCE Cervical cancer incidence in the United States has decreased dramatically since the development of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2006. The vaccine, in combination with regular cervical cytological screenings (Pap tests), has since rendered cervical cancer preventable (1,2). However, worldwide cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates remain high, with 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths reported in 2012 (3). Critical barriers to progress in cervical cancer research and therapeuticRead MoreCell Cycle And Dna Rn Mirnas Regulating Cellular Proliferation During Oncogenic Transformations Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesSaxena. The main focus of the lab is to study the role of non-coding RNAs in regulation of Cell Cycle and DNA replication and also to provide mechanical insights in understanding the checkpoint response to aberrations in replication complexes. My project work is focused on understanding the role of non-coding RNA – miRNAs regulating cellular proliferation during oncogenic transformations. miRNA targeting mRNA regulates gene expression post transcriptionally and plays an important role in tumor progressionRead MoreThe Pathway Of Cancer Cells Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesCancer cells are characterized by unlimited cell growth, inefficient apoptosis and excessive anabolism. The process of becoming cancer cells includes gene activation, micro-environmental changes and metabolic reprogramming. All of which compound upon one another and lead the cancer cells to continue with their overwhelming growth and activity. Malignant cancer cells invade and destroy organ infrastructure and replace it with disorganized and damaging cells. (1) The metabolic preference of cancerRead MoreThe Use Of Anticancer Drugs ( Cytochrome P450s )?1432 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctional genes and 58 pseudogenes have been discovered and identified in humans (Nelson et al. 2004). These enzymes play a key role in several important biosynthesis and catalysis pathways (e.g. cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, vitamins and arachidonic acids) as well as in the metabolism of various xenobiotic substrates including carcinogens and anticancer drugs (Guengerich et al. 2005). Many cytochrome P450s have been found in extrahepatic tissues and certain cytochrome P450 genes have beenRead MoreRegulation and Functions of the p53 Protein689 Words   |  3 Pagesp53 gene, also known as tumor protein 53 (TP53), encodes for a tumor suppressor protein which regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis. The p53 protein has been described as the guardian of the genome (1) because of its role in preventing genetic mutation. It belongs to a protein family which includes p53, p63 and p73 and these are structurally and functionally related to each other. However, p53 seems to have evolved as a tumor suppressor in higher organisms, while p63 and p73 play a role in normalRead MoreEssay On Common Variable Immunodeficiency911 Words   |  4 PagesNumerous mutations in genes responsible for the function and maturation of immune cells have been associated with the development of CVID, including the ICOS gene and the TNFRSF13b gene. The ICOS gene encodes for ICOS, an inducible T cel l co-stimulator that enables the proliferation and up-regulation of T cells, and is essential for normal antibody responses to T cell dependent antigens (Yazdani, Hakemi, Sherkat, Homayouni, Farahani, 2014). 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Despite the progress made in cancer therapies, neoplastic diseases are still a major therapeutic challenge notably because of intra- and inter-malignant tumor heterogeneity and adaptation/escape of malignant cells to/from treatment. New targeted therapies need to be developed to improve our medical arsenal and counter-act cancer progression. Human kallikrein-related peptidasesRead MoreGene Therapy Is A Technique2119 Words   |  9 PagesGene therapy is a technique that uses genes as medicine to treat or prevent disease. The technique may be used t o replace a defective gene for a healthy gene or use a new gene to favorably change the condition of the faulty gene [1]. There are several problems that challenge gene therapy, the certain condition or disease in question must be well understood, the defective gene must be identified and a working copy of the gene must be available, and the most problematic is effectively delivering working

The Ottoman And Hapsburg Power Struggle - 1278 Words

Alexandria Dabuet History 104 Professor Vargas December 8, 2015 The Ottoman and Hapsburg Power Struggle The intense rivalry between the Muslim Ottoman Turks and the Christian Spanish Hapsburgs spanned from 1300 to 1500. Both empires wrestled for advancement in territorial expansion, trade control, religious expansion and technological warfare. Historians have uncovered primary sources that depicted the tension between the two empires. These series of texts and artifacts, found in Patterns of World History, highlight how the increased competition between the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans triggered technological advancement towards modernity. The first document and primary source is a letter from Christopher Columbus’ The Book of Prophecies. In his letter to the King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, Columbus encouraged the monarchs to finance his voyage to Jerusalem for a religious crusade (Sivers S16-2). The letter captured Columbus’ drive to explore uncharted lands in the name of God and the Christian mindset in 1492. Columbus be gan the letter by listing his experience as a sailor, navigator and explorer (Sivers S16-2). He marketed his experience to Isabella and Ferdinand as a means to fulfill the coming apocalypse in the Book of Revelation. Europeans believed that, for the second coming of Christ to occur, Christians must take back the Holy Land of Jerusalem from Muslim control. Meanwhile, Columbus wanted to find a westward ocean route to India because India had aShow MoreRelatedHst276 Week 42234 Words   |  9 Pagescapital was moved to that same year, and the new dynasty had reconquered all of southern China by . b. The emperor Kangxi led the conquest of the island of , home to Chinese and Japanese pirates, in 1681. Struggles with a new rival to the north and northwest, , led to constant conflict and extensive territorial gains for China. c. The Chinese population and commerce continued to expand under the Qing dynasty, fueled by new crops from theRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic Way Of Thinking868 Words   |  4 PagesEmpire, Scotland, and also England) as well as the Ottoman Empire. Arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars rapidly became a tremendous struggle for power and territory as well as their various participants, and were marked with an increasing number of alliances, counter-alliances, and betrayals. The fifth and final Hapsburg-Valois War (1551-59) was the last in the series of clashes between the Hapsburg and Valois dynasties that began under Francis IRead MoreWeek 4 Hist 276 Essay2444 Words   |  10 Pagesbeijing that same year, and the new dynasty had reconquered all of southern China by Ming generals . b. The emperor Kangxi led the conquest of the island of Taiwan , home to Chinese and Japanese pirates, in 1681. Struggles with a new rival to the north and northwest, manchurians , led to constant conflict and extensive territorial gains for China. c. The Chinese population and commerce continued to expand under the Qing dynasty, fueled by new cropsRead More The Decline of the Holy Roman Empire Essay3137 Words   |  13 Pagesemperor, an elected monarch, needed the allegiance of the princes and other aristocracy to support him, in turn giving them power or money. This tenuous allegiance between powers was greatly strained in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as religious reform dominated Europe and religious tensions divided the empire. Beginning in the sixteenth century, the empire’s power significantly declined because of the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation split the empire’s states into Protestant andRead MoreThe Middle East2106 Words   |  9 Pagesevents fundamental to the history of the Middle East, the Birth of Islam, and the split between Shi’ism and Sunnism. Monotheism had been gaining global relevance throughout the premodern period, with the rise of Christianity and Judaism a s religious powers. By the time of Muhammad’ birth in 570, various religious traditions had been established by Christianity and Judaism, which would be adopted into Islam. Because the area in which Islam came to relevance was largely outside of European and ImperialRead More Yugoslavia Essay2633 Words   |  11 Pages One of the youngest nations of Europe, Yugoslavia was created after World War I as a homeland for several different rival ethnic groups. The country was put together mostly from remnants of the collapsed Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Demands for self-determination by Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, and others were ignored. Yugoslavia thus became an uneasy association of peoples conditioned by centuries of ethnic and religious hatreds. World War II aggravated these rivalries, but Communist dictatorshipRead MoreLong Fuse Notes Essay7198 Words   |  29 Pagestopic being widely discussed, historians should be careful in using research and analyzing historical top ics. The introduction outlines the sources of the conflict that later was known as the Great War. All of the events: hostilities between the great powers, competition for the sea, and expansionism: were what has led to that conflict. But Lafore also argues that no cause can be singled out as the most important, because they all contributed to the relations between European countries before 1914. MainRead MoreBalance of Power as a Concept3896 Words   |  16 PagesBalance of Power as a concept The concept of balance of power is considered as one of the oldest and fundamental concept in the field of international relations (Paul T.V 2004). 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Essay on Nutro Natural Choice Advertisement An Analysis Essay Example For Students

Essay on Nutro Natural Choice Advertisement: An Analysis Essay Have you ever thought if your puppy is getting high quality ingredients in his or her dog food? There are many varieties of dog food on the market, but that does not mean they are all good for your dog. This advertisement for Nutro Natural Choice for puppies appeals to consumers’ need to nurture and escape. This ad convinces consumers that with this dog food their puppies can grow up to be healthy and more. This ad appears in the February 2011 issue of Country Living magazine. The cover features a white living room in shades of creams and ivories. On the cover teasers state such things as, â€Å"The Simple Beauty of White: How to Mix and Match Neutrals; Easy Ways to Add Drama with Texture,† and â€Å"Comfort Food: Mashed Potatoes! Short Ribs! Chocolate Cake!† The contents inside include articles such as â€Å"The Insider’s Guide to Decorating with White,† â€Å"In Praise of Potatoes,† â€Å"The Best of Brattleboro, Vermont,† and â€Å"Home Cooking.† There are also advertisements for products such as Olay Regenerist, Twining’s Lady Grey Tea, GMC Acadia Denali, Iams dog food, and Sweet’N Low. Inside are recipes, beauty products, the newest room designs, and much more. This magazine targets women who are mothers who are either working or stay at home moms. This ad for Nutro Natural Choice has a catchy title that runs right through the top middle of the page. The title states â€Å"How Will He Ever Grow up To Be the First Dog on the Moon with Brittle Bones, Bad Teeth and A Weak Immune System?† The Nutro Label is on the top right corner of the page in bright orange, and each letter is trimmed in black surrounded by a white oval circle. At the bottom of the page are the facts about Nutro dog food. Nutro Natural Choice helps pups reach their full potential with high. . I see a mountain top in a blue sky with other mountains in the distance. Here is the appeal need to escape. What this tells me is Nutro dog food can bring a sense of joy and accomplishment. We all want the best for our furry friends, and with this dog food every puppy will be getting the best high quality ingredients to grow up healthy and more. Works CitedFowles, Jib. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals.† Common Culture: Reading and Writing about American Popular Culture. Ed. Michael Petracca and Madeleine Sorapure. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. 78-96. Print. Johnson-Sheehan, Richard, and Charles Paine. Writing Today. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2010. Print. Nutro Natural Choice. Advertisement. Country Living. Feb.2011.Print. â€Å"Real Results Are Seen Not Said. † Nutro.com. Trademarks, 17 Mar. 2011. Web. 4 Oct. 2011.

Changing Divorce Laws Essays - Family Law, Divorce,

Changing Divorce Laws In 1995, Statistics Canada data shows that 30% of marriages split (McGovern). Since the 1960s, marriage and divorce have been undergoing profound changes which have altered the meaning of marriage, the chances of its ending in divorce and the circumstances attached to marriage. These changes have made it easier for couples to obtain a divorce due to the changing laws and changing morals of society. The changes include three new grounds needed to prove marital breakdown, such as your spouse committing adultery, your spouse causing mental or physical cruelty or a separation of a year it was previously three years. Divorce also impacts the family as a whole, not only the children but also the two parties involved. The government needs to make changes to the Divorce Act as people more and more are getting divorced as it brings a negative impact to those who wish to marry in the future. Over the years divorce has been easier to obtain. Divorce was extremely uncommon in Canada until after WWII. Until that time, Canada had one of the lowest divorce rates in the Western World, this is because opinions by social and religious leaders condemned divorce as a threat to the family. The strength of this opinion prevented the easing of Canadas divorce laws. Consequently, access to divorce in Canada was extremely limited until 1968. Until this time, getting married usually meant forever. Divorce was illegal unless one mate was proven adulterous. When divorce did happen, one party was believed legally innocent, the other party guilty, and that judgment affected the financial settlement. Both partners social status was sufficiently hurt most people tried hard to avoid divorce if they could. By 1968, however, the sexual revolution was in full swing. Couples were rebelling against old sexual restraints, a trend supported by the exaggerations of cash-hungry journalists and movie-makers. Monogamy was out, free love thrived, and divorce represented freedom. Enough people wanted divorce by the late 1960s that the pressure was on to change the law. 2 After long and bitter parliamentary debates, the federal Divorce Act was revised. Additional grounds for divorce included desertion, imprisonment, or separation for at least three years plus marital offences of physical and mental cruelty. The new law eliminated the need to appear in court in most cases often the most personally humiliating experience in the older legal procedure. The law later changed again in 1985, where it eased off yet again, to allow divorces after only a years separation. The broad trend in Canada was to make divorce easier. It was accomplished by making it less fault-oriented where most divorce applications to the courts are no longer contested which eliminates the need for a formal court hearing where both parties testify and ask for different things. With no fault splits in place, the social stigma of divorce shrank. As more people divorced the stigma weakened further. The cycle continued while the divorce rate soared. In 1951, there had been only one divor ce for every 24 marriages, by 1987, one couple divorced every two couples that married (McGovern). In 1993, there were 78 000 divorces across Canada, compared to about 11 000 in 1968 before the new divorce laws came into effect (McGovern). Reasons for the incredible rise in the divorce rate are not entirely clear, but contributing factors include longer life expectancies, which increases the possibility of differences in the individual of both the wife and husband. The greater labor force participation of women and improved social security, meant that wives are less economically dependant on their husbands than in the past. The lessening of religious and social sanctions against divorce and also the movement towards a more me-oriented ethnic which stresses self-actualization over maintenance of the family unit. All of these factors suggest that an increased divorce rate may be an indication that expectations about the quality of marriage have risen and that many people prefer a divorce to an unhappy marriage. For these reasons, the divorce rate is on the increase 3 and it is easier for couples to obtain a divorce using the three conditions: separation of a year, adultery, mental or physical cruelty. The Divorce Act specifies the sole grounds for

Wage Gap Between China an Us Essays

Wage Gap Between China an Us Essays Wage Gap Between China an Us Essay Wage Gap Between China an Us Essay The importance of international trade increased dramatically for the US as well as China. The ratio of the sum of exports and imports to GDP approximately doubled from the early 1970s to the mid 2000s for the US. And there is a striking feature that China was involved in about 7% percent of world trade by the mid-2000s. There is no doubt that the international trade have influenced the wage level around the world. Do wages equalize between US and China? It is the most remarkable conclusion of the Heckscher-Olin theory that trade can equalize the price of each factor of production across countries. Nevertheless, the long-term effect didn’t complete in the real world, especially in China. On majoy trend has been a rising gap between the wages of china and US. For instance, from 2000 to the year of 2009, the average wage of Chinese to that of American decreased about %. In 1970, the two countries Per capita wage level difference for 4965 dollars. On the contrary, in 1980 it turned to be 11976 dollars, 1990 for 22885 dollars. And in year of 2000, it achieved 34166 dollars. Then there was a gradual increase in mid 2000s. And by 2010, the average wage of China is only about 6% of the minimum wage standard of US. All these data clearly prove the fact that the wage gap between China and US have increased for several years. Workers remittances and compensation of employees, paid ($ millions) | |2000 |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |United States |26. 2% |30. 5% |8. 2% |0. 7% |17. 0% |8. 9% | As shown in Figure5. , China is relatively abundant in less-skilled and medium-skilled labor, and it is relatively scarce in physical capital, forest land, highly skilled labor, and arable land. But not all of China’s international trade is consistent with the Heckscher-Olin theory. The theory predicts that China will be a net importer of skilled-labor-intensive manufactured products like industrial machinery, electronic microcircuits and scientific equipment. Secondly, the theory predicts that China will be a net exporter of less-skilled-labor-intensive products like clothing, footwear, and toys. Global specialization has led to a so-called â€Å"skill-biased† trade pattern, thus there is a preference for skilled labor, which result in enlarge the wage gap between China and US. From the perspective of developed countries open up to trade with developing countries, the Heckscher-Ohlin model makes a sharp prediction. When considering about the relationship between trade and wages, we suppose that the two factors of production are skilled and unskilled labor, which Instead of capital and labor. For simplificity: Two countries: China and US Two factors: skilled and unskilled labor. China possesses a relative abundance of unskilled labor. Two goods: Skilled and unskilled labor intensive goods. H-O diagram: C. Chinese labor is undervalued One of the reasons for America and some other countries denied Chinese’ complete market economic system is that the price of labor is decided by the company rather than the market. As we known, generally, the price of labor is determined by the supply and demand in the labor market. Some economist believe that since China is abundant in labor, especially when the millions of country labor inburst into the city, the supply of labor is obviously greater than demand, keeping wage in a low level. As a result, most of the workers are in the disadvantage situation. The competition for labors is so fierce that they have to suffer the low salary in order to get the job. What’s more, since a great number of Chinese workers hold few knowledge and skill and they don’t know how to grasp their benefit and protect themselves in the labor market. As a result they have to submit to the company for living. And they have to live in a very miserable condition. One reason should be highlight is the Chinese labor union’s limited power in fighting for the labors’ benefit. Since it is less developed, we are rarely seeing what the labor union take measures today. While before it took more responsibility to deliver the Party’s policy to labors. In another aspect, all of the companies are aimed at the maximium profit, trying their best to cut costs and reduce wages. The companies are more powerful in the labor market, so the wage is decided mainly by them. In conclusion, because of the relationship in demand and supply in Chinese market, the labors’ competency, the labor union’s situation and the purpose for the company, Chinese labor has been undervalued. And this is a reason for the generation of Chinese and American wage gap. D. Technological Progress Also as we get the conclusion from the case in our book, technological progress plays an important role in increasing the wage gap between Chinese labors and American labors. The first aspect is that with the development of technology the cost and prices of some skill-intensive products decline, and the quality of these products is improved, demand for the products increases. As demand shifts toward skill-intensive products and their production increases, the demand for skilled labor expands, increasing the relative wage of skilled labor. The second aspect is the technological progress that has occurred within individual industries appears to be biased in favor of using more skilled labor. Referring to the two perspectives mentioned above, although China has been experiencing technology progress, the growth rate of it still can’t match to that of America. So the rising speed of wages in China is lower than in US, thus enlarge the gap between Chinese labors and American labors. Secondly, it is obvious that the application of technology is more widely used in US than China, so the demand of skill-intensive products of Americans is much more than Chinese. In that way, the market needs more skilled workers, resulting the salary of them increases more rapidly than that of China. E. The Deterioration of China’s Terms of Trade China ha carried out the strategy of comparative advantage in foreign trades all long, and has had great achievement on that, but bad effects also appeared such as the exacerbation of terms of trade. Another reason may be that China is an important exporter of many goods, who can influence the world price. Since China keep putting more emphasis on export and producing more and more goods for the whole world, so that the world price will fall. With a lower price and less profit, the workers’ wage may not increase or even decrease. Summary Theoretically, factor endowments theory did not consider product differences and the assumptions of the SS theorem didn’t realize. The difference of the wage levels between china and us is still huge, but china’s wage growth rate are also increase obviously. We hope that China can gradually reduce the wage gap. Although the factor price equalize theorem didn’t complete in the wage gap between China and US. However, the direction of the long run effect is likely to hold in the rest of the world. An real-world example of the tendency toward equalization is the rise in real wage in the industrializing countries of Asia( such as Singapore and South Korea) as these countries have strongly integrated themselves into world trade. Group members: Relative Factor –price Equalization: H-O-S Theorem

Reason and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reason and Democracy - Essay Example To understand how democracy and reason are tightly coupled, it is good to understand the history of human government, and how the various struggles for democracy have been lodged. Looking at the history of democracy, it is good to understand what used to be the alternative forms of government before democracy became the main form of government around the world. History shows as that soon as civilisation of man come around, forms of government that were formed were anything else other than a government. Societies were so entrenched in these systems that those who were on the oppressed side of these other forms of government could almost not be able to comprehend that they could have a free democratic space. Pioneers of democracy such as Thomas Jefferson (Jefferson 5) and his team in America had to use reason in order to determine why a new form of government was not only important but also eminent. In his declaration of independence, for instance, Thomas Jefferson used a language that appealed to reason. In the case of Jefferson, it can be very clear that it is only by being able to appeal to reason that one is able to explain the need and show that democracy is not only imminent but it is also eminent. Reason can be seen as the mother and father of democracy in at least two ways. First, without reason, those who first came up with the idea of democracy, and that there should be a new form of government could not have been able to come up with these ideas in the first place. Looking at history and analysing the various heroes of democracy indicates these people have to reason and realise that the current forms of government at their times were not the best ones. The other reason why reason can be seen as the mother of democracy is the fact that after giving birth to the idea of democracy, reason acts as the nurse that makes sure that this idea is grown and delivered into maturity. After conceiving the idea of democracy, one must use reason to convince at least t wo groups of people about the idea of democracy. The first group is the group that is in the disadvantaged side of the non-democratic system because this group must be convinced that a new form of government can and must be achieved. The fight for democratic governance is not an easy one, and it is necessary to appeal to the reasoning of these people in order to motivate them to fight the hard fight for the new form of democracy. Jefferson and his team seemed to have understood this very well, and they wrote a well crafted declaration of independence that would convince people that they deserved a good governance system and that they should fight it to the bitter end. This technique has since been used by a number of American leaders. The most recent use of this can be seen in president Obama’s (2009) speech in Cairo where he tried to use persuasive language to create rapport between the united stated of American and Egypt and the Islamic world at large. The second group that needs a very clearly stated appeal to reason is those on the softer side of a non-democratic government system. These individuals must be convinced that democracy, in the long run is inevitable and that the sooner they give up and allow democracy to reign, the better. In this case, reason is used to persuade these people that they can do it the hard way or the easy way, but either way, they will have to be let go and let democracy rule. More than anything

Economic Downturn and Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Downturn and Crime - Essay Example According to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that the Economic downturn is a period characterized by declines in the economic activities in an economy, an economic downturn may last from months to years and is normally visible within employment, real income, production, and other indicators. As per the past research conducted by Finklea, for example in the United States, the economic downturn does fuel crimes. Figures show an increase in the crime level that resulted from opposition parties, members of different parties fighting each other. In England and Wales, the figures of crime have changed as a result of the economic downturn; records show that the domestic burglaries raised by four percent, forgery and fraud rose by 16% while the burglaries within the businesses rose by 3%. The annual crime statistics for 2014 also show that the crime rate increased in terms of â€Å"fatal stabbings†, the records show an increase of 16% in the number of knife robberies. As per the journal by Finklea the assumptions made by the security officials in 2014 also show that the number of property crimes increased which in most cases accounts for 70% of all the recorded crimes. The estimates are that with the increase in the economic crisis then the crime rate will keep increasing. The public even with the increasing crime rates is still very hopeful in that the crime rates will reduce.